Improving the Functional Connectivity of Grassland Networks for Plant-Pollinator Interactions (FuncNet)

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CELSA project: Linking genetic diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of host plant

CELSA project: Linking genetic diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of host plant

Duration: 2019-2020

Increasing land-use intensity across Europe has brought along the loss of many natural habitats and a rapid decrease in biodiversity. There is an urgent need for solutions to alleviate these negative effects, and the restoration of degraded habitats is the key to halting further biodiversity loss. The restoration of self-sustainable plant populations is critical for successful habitat restoration. Two of the most important bottlenecks in this context are (i) the generally low genetic diversity of restored plant populations, and (ii) the lack of suitable soil fungi. First, because plant populations colonizing newly restored habitats are often small and generally originate from few source populations, their population genetic diversity is low, resulting in reduced fitness due to inbreeding and genetic drift. Second, many plant species depend on the presence of beneficial soil fungi, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which can improve plant nutrition and protection from pathogens. Lack of such fungi in restored habitats can therefore impose a significant hurdle in the process of ecological restoration. However, it is not currently known, how both of these factors, i.e. plant genetic diversity and AM fungi, interact with each other and affect the effectiveness of ecological restoration. The results of this project will be an overview about the existing knowledge of the problem, results of the experimental study with Campanula rotundifolia as the host plant and practical guidelines to restore self-sustainable plant populations. This project is done in collaboration with Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven) and our colleagues from plant ecology workgroup in the University of Tartu.

Project participants: Aveliina Helm, Tsipe Aavik

Funding: University of Tartu and Catholic University of Leuven (KU Leuven)

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The effect of landscape configuration on the functional connectivity of Primula veris – a landscape genomic approach

The effect of landscape configuration on the functional connectivity of Primula veris – a landscape genomic approach

Duration: 2018 - 2020

Habitat fragmentation is a major threat to species and genetic diversity, the latter being a crucial prerequisite for species survival in times of rapid environmental change. Yet, we still lack detailed understanding of how landscape elements shape gene flow and by that affect the distribution of genetic diversity in habitats which experience drastic decrease in area and connectivity. To address this gap in our knowledge, I will apply state-of-the-art molecular tools in combination with landscape analysis for determining landscape variables affecting connectivity-related gene flow between fragmented populations, and neutral as well as adaptive relevant genetic diversity within and between populations. With the proposed project, we shall obtain fundamental insights into the landscape-driven genetic background of plants, which can serve as a basis for guiding decision-making in environmental conservation policy.

Project participants: Sabrina Träger, Tsipe Aavik

Funding: Estonian Research Council (ETAg)

Project information in Estonian Research Information System

 

Scheme of landscape genetic analyses

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Genetic diversity of grassland plants: the effect of spatiotemporal landscape changes

Genetic diversity of grassland plants: the effect of spatiotemporal landscape changes

Duration: 2015-2021

Fragmentation is one of the major threats to biodiversity. However, genetic consequences of fragmentation and its evolutionary impact are not fully understood. DNA sequencing techniques enable the detection of numerous molecular markers in neutral and adaptive parts of genome. This offers great opportunities for answering questions about the effects of fragmentation on genetic diversity and its evolutionary consequences. We will use a system of alvar grasslands in Estonia to examine the effect of fragmentation on the genetic diversity of grassland plants. We will apply novel tools of next-generation sequencing and landscape genomics – a discipline combining population genomics with landscape ecology – to assess the role of current and historic landscape structure on neutral as well as adaptive genetic diversity of plants. The results of the project will advance knowledge of the consequences of fragmentation for biodiversity and are relevant for effective grassland conservation.

Project participants: Tsipe Aavik, Sabrina Träger, Iris Reinula, Marianne Kaldra

Funding: Estonian Research Council Project information in Estonian Research Information System   Scheme of landscape genetic analyses